| B.Eng. | 
                    Civil Engineering/Port and  Waterway Engineering, Chongqing  
                      Institute of Communications and Chongqing Institute  of  
                      Architecture  and Engineering (now Chongqing University), China 1983 | 
                   
                  
                    | M.Sc.  | 
                    Geotechnical Engineering, the  Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,  
                      The  Chinese Academy of Sciences,   China (MSc courses  taken in the  
                      China University  of Science and Technology) 1984  | 
                   
                  
                    | Ph.D.  | 
                    Geotechnical Engineering, the  University of Manitoba,  
                      Winnipeg,  Manitoba, Canada 1990 | 
                   
                
               
                 
                
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